Soalan Sains SPM-Microorganisms and its effects on our lives

Information

Microorganisms or microbes are all around us. They can be found in the soil, in the air, in water and even on other living organisms. They exist in different shapes and sizes and are so tiny that they can only be seen with the help of a microscope.
How can we classify microbes so that it is much easier to study them?

Analisa Soalan

1
Which of the following microbes carry out the same method of reproduction?


A

Amoeba, bacteriophage

B

Spirogyra, plasmodium

C

Euglena, paramecium

D

Yeast, mucor



2 The diagram below shows two microbes, P and Q.




Which of the following statements is true about P and Q?

A

Both P and Q can form spores.

B

Both P and Q can reproduce sexually.


C

P is a saprophyte whereas Q is a parasite.

D

P is a heterotroph whereas Q is an autotroph.

NOTES

1.

Microbes are tiny organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye. They can only be seen with the help of a microscope.



2.

Some are so tiny that they can only be seen by a special microscope known as the electron microscope.



3.

Microbes can be classified into 5 groups based on the following criteria.


i.

size


ii.

shape


iii.

nutrition


iv.

habitat



v.

method of reproduction





GLOSSARY

Autotroph – Organisma yang mensintesis makanan sendiri melalui proses fotosintesis(menggunakan cahaya) atau kemosintesis (menggunakan bahan kimia).

Parasite- Organisma yang mendapatkan bahan makanan daripada perumah (host) yang masih hidup.

Saprophyte -Organisma yang mendapatkan makanan daripada organisma yang telah mati.







GLOSSARY

DNA –singkatan untuk Deoxyribonucleic Acid atau asid deoksiribonukleik Bahan baka yang diperbuat daripada molekul protein.

RNA – singkatan untuk Ribonucleic Acid atau Asid Ribonukleik. Sebatian organik kompleks yang terdapat dalam sel hidup. Terlibat dalam sintesis protein. RNA juga merupakan bahan baka dalam sesetengah virus.

Asexual reproduction - pembiakan yang tidak melibatkan pencatuman antara gamet (sel pembiakan) jantan dan gamet betina.

Conjugation - sejenis pembiakan seks ringkas yang berlaku dalam organisma unisel. Dalam proses ini dua organisma akan menyusun diri mereka sebelah menyebelah, dan bertukar-tukar bahan genetik.